Introduction to Cyber Security
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Common Vulnerabilities
Vulnerabilities in Cybersecurity system can come from many different factors. Most of these center around any inherent faults within the system itself, how easy it would be for a cyber attacker to break through any securities the system may have set up, and/or how easy it is for the cyber attacker to use the fault in the system to their advantage. One of the most common faults found in systems that can be abused by attackers is when a system is too complex. The more detailed a system becomes, the harder it is for cybersecurity to cover all the flaws. Thus, creates more opportunities for attacks to make their mark. Also, whenever user input is a variable, there can be ways into a system. This is because it is difficult for a programmer to predict and account for all possible inputs from a user. Attackers could affect the system depending on their inputs which would allow them to exploit the system further.
Denial of service attacks
Denial of service (DoS) attack is a type of cyber attack that floods a network with multiple requests of information with the purpose of shutting down or disrupting services of a host connected to the internet. It may also prevent users of a service running through the targeted server or network.
Direct-access attacks
This form of vulnerability is when a system is physically accessed by an unauthorized user. This allows the user to make modifications or attach backdoor hardware or software in order to access the system remotely. The unauthorized user can also make complex changes to the system due to having direct access to the hardware.
Pharming
Pharming is a form of online fraud that redirects users from legitimate website’s traffic to another fake site. Hackers can use pharming by using tools that redirects users to a fake site. The victimized users will go to a fake website without noticing it is fake. Hackers use this method to steal personal data from users’ computer. Hackers exploits the DNS server or called DNS poisoning that makes users think the fake sites are legitimate.
Phishing
Phishing is an email that claims to be a genuine business in an attempt to swindle the user into surrendering sensitive information. The personal information that they receive is then used to steal their identity and can result in a loss of financial freedom.
Social Engineering
Social engineering involves human interaction and the manipulation of people to give up confidential information. The purposes for this technique include fraud, system access or information gathering. It is easier for someone to fool you into giving them a password or bank information than it is for someone to try hacking in order to get the information.
Other Vulnerabilities
There are other vulnerabilities and ways that hackers can gain access of a system. They can use backdoors which is a different method of accessing a computer or network that bypass the authentication and security. Spoofing can also be used to trick a receiver by pretending to be a known source to the receiver. Private escalation can be used to elevate an attacker’s access level which will give them access to every file on a computer just like a root user can. A more complicated one is clickjacking. This is when an attacker inverts the user’s clicks to buttons or links that take the user to another website.
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