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Cisco Locator ID Separation Protocol (LISP) is a mapping and encapsulation protocol, originally developed to address the routing scalability issues on the Internet.
This is for visitors.
Internet routing tables have grown exponentially, putting a burden on BGP routers. Routing on the Internet is meant to be hierarchical, but because of disaggregation, a full Internet routing table nowadays contains over 800.000 prefixes.
Disaggregation is the opposite of aggregation (route summarization). We inject more specific routes when there is an aggregate (summary route). There are two main reasons why this happens:
Multihoming: Customers connect to two different ISPs and advertise their provider-independent address space (PI) to both ISPs.
Traffic engineering: A common practice for ingress traffic engineering is to advertise a more specific route. This works, but it increases the size of the Internet routing table.
You need powerful routers with enough RAM and TCAM to store all prefixes in the Internet routing table. Injecting more specific prefixes also increases the risk of route instability. We need routers with powerful CPUs to process changes in the routing table.
With traditional IP routing, an IP address has two functions:
Identity: To identify the device.
Location: The location of the device in the network; we use this for routing.
LISP separates these two functions of an IP address into two separate functions:
Endpoint Identifier (EID): Assigned to hosts like computers, laptops, printers, etc.
Routing Locators (RLOC): Assigned to routers. We use the RLOC address to reach EIDs.
Cisco created LISP, but it’s not a proprietary solution, it’s an open standard, defined in RFC 6830. Originally it was designed for the Internet, but nowadays, you also see LISP in other environments like data centers, IoT, WAN, and the campus (Cisco SD-Access).
In this lesson, you will learn about the different LISP components and how it operates.
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